Individual amino acids
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Each amino acid has specific tasks in the body
The amino acids found in human tissue can be categorised according to various aspects. Depending on their structure, for example, a distinction is made between aliphatic, heterocyclic or branched-chain amino acids. There are also so-called glucogenic amino acids. These can be converted into glucose and used as an energy source. Ketogenic amino acids, on the other hand, are broken down into ketone bodies. Regardless of this, each amino acid has specific functions and tasks
Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body itself
Amino acids can be converted into each other via various processes. The prerequisite for this is only given for 11 of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. The others must be ingested with food and are therefore essential. These include
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
- Histidine
- Arginine
There are also amino acids that are only vital for certain illnesses such as fever or infections. These include cysteine, tyrosine, arginine and glutamic acid. There are some congenital metabolic disorders in which enzymes for the synthesis of specific amino acids fail. The best-known example is phenylketonuria. In this disease, phenylalanine cannot be converted into tyrosine; tyrosine is then an essential amino acid for these people.
Another term is the limiting amino acid. This is the essential amino acid of a dietary protein that is the least abundant of all amino acids in food. These include, for example, lysine in cereals, methionine in pulses and tryptophan in maize.
In the body.